What is Difference Between Android and iOS OS Architectures ?

Android VS iOS Architecture

To understand difference between Android and iOS OS Architectures you first need to understand they both run on different set of toolchain. Both OS offers different suit of outcomes and still you can compare them because both are mens to run on mobile platform so lets start with direct comparison and nothing else:

	Android	iOS
Customisability	A lot. Can change almost anything.	Limited unless jailbroken
Developer	Google, Open Handset Alliance	Apple Inc.
Initial release	September 23, 2008	July 29, 2007
Source model	Open source	Closed, with open source components.
OS family	Linux	OS X, UNIX
Widgets	Yes	No, except in NotificationCenter
File transfer	Easier than iOS. Using USB port and Android File Transfer desktop app. Photos can be transferred via USB without apps.	More difficult. Media files can be transferred using iTunes desktop app. Photos can be transferred out via USB without apps.
Available on	Many phones and tablets. Major manufacturers are Samsung, Motorola, LG, HTC and Sony.. Nexus and Pixel line of devices is pure Android, others bundle manufacturer software.	iPod Touch, iPhone, iPad, Apple TV (2nd and 3rd generation)
Calls and messaging	Google Hangouts. 3rd party apps like Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Google Duo and Skype all work on Android and iOS both.	iMessage, FaceTime (with other Apple devices only). 3rd party apps like Google Hangouts, Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Google Duo and Skype all work on Android and iOS both.
Internet browsing	Google Chrome (or Android Browser on older versions; other browsers are available)	Mobile Safari (Other browsers are available)
App store , Affordability and interface	Google Play – 1,000,000+ apps. Other app stores like Amazon and Getjar also distribute Android apps. (unconfirmed ".APKs")	Apple app store – 1,000,000+ apps
Available language(s)	100+ Languages	34 Languages
Video chat	Google Duo and other 3rd party apps	FaceTime (Apple devices only) and other 3rd party apps
Voice commands	Google Now, Google Assistant	Siri
Maps	Google Maps	Apple Maps (Google Maps also available via a separate app download)
Latest stable release and Updates	Android 8.0.0, Oreo (Aug 21, 2017)	11 (Sep 19, 2017)
Alternative app stores and side loading	Several alternative app stores other than the official Google Play Store. (e.g. Aptoide, Galaxy Apps)	Apple blocks 3rd party app stores. The phone needs to be jailbroken if you want to download apps from other stores.
Battery life and management	Many Android phone manufacturers equip their devices with large batteries with a longer life.	Apple batteries are generally not as big as the largest Android batteries. However, Apple is able to squeeze decent battery life via hardware/software optimizations.
Open source	Kernel, UI, and some standard apps	The iOS kernel is not open source but is based on the open-source Darwin OS.
File manager	Yes. (Stock Android File Manager included on devices running Android 7.1.1)	Not available
Photos & Videos backup	Apps available for automatic backup of photos and videos. Google Photos allows unlimited backup of photos. OneDrive, Amazon Photos and Dropbox are other alternatives.	Up to 5 GB of photos and videos can be automatically back up with iCloud. All other vendors like Google, Amazon, Dropbox, Flickr and Microsoft have auto-backup apps for both iOS and Android.
Security	Android software patches are available soonest to Nexus device users. Manufacturers tend to lag behind in pushing out these updates. So at any given time a vast majority of Android devices are not running updated fully patched software.	Most people will never encounter a problem with malware because they don’t go outside the Play Store for apps. Apple's software updates support older iOS devices also.
Rooting, bootloaders, and jailbreaking	Access and complete control over your device is available and you can unlock the bootloader.	Complete control over your device is not available.
Cloud services	Native integration with Google cloud storage. 15GB free, $2/mo for 100GB, 1TB for $10. Apps available for Amazon Photos, OneDrive and Dropbox.	Native integration with iCloud. 5GB free, 50GB for $1/mo, 200GB for $3/mo, 1TB for $10/mo. Apps available for Google Drive and Google Photos, Amazon Photos, OneDrive and Dropbox.
Working state	Current	Current
Interface	Touch Screen	Touch Screen
Supported versions	Android 5.0 & later (Android 4.4 is also supported but with patches)	iOS 8 & later
First version	Android 1.0, Alpha	iOS 1.0