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Instruments and Measurements Handwritten Notes For Instruments and Measurements: Download Study Material (PDF) :- Part-1 Click Here Part-2 Click Here Complete Video Lecture on Instruments and Measurements: Ebooks on Instruments and Measurements: 1.Introduction to instrumentation and measurements by robert b. northrop  2.Measurement and Instrumentation: Theory and Application 3.Instrumentation and Measurement in Electrical This post includes the Preparation for bsnl tta je , gate, psu, electrical, electronics, instrumentation, in the form of pdf ,videos and notes . Some Helpful links: [Solved] MCQs on Semiconductor Diode [Solved ] BSNL TTA JE 2012 Paper [Solved ] BSNL TTA JE 2013 Paper 115 Solved MCQs on Electricity BSNL JE Question Paper with Answers 2012 The Most Important 105 Control System MCQ Instruments and Measurements Complete Subject Preparation communication protocol X –25 Fundamentals of Magnetic Materials TDM, PAM, PPM, PWM 15 Days Study Plan for BSNL TTA 2016

BSNL TTA JE Communication Protocol X –25 Full PDF: X –25 What is communication protocol X –25? Answer: X.25 is the CCITT’s recommendation for the interface between a DTE and DCE over a Public Data Network. Generally, X.25 covers layers 1 to 3 of the ISO communication model, but the term is used here to refer specifically to packet layer 3. X.25 is carried within the Information Field of LAPB frames. Video Lecture on protocol X –25: The X.25 is illustrated here in relation to the OSI model: Click the protocols on the map to see more details. Command LAPB frame types are defined as commands or responses depending on the address field and the direction of the frame. A command frame from the DTE has an address of 1; a command frame from the DCE has an address of 3. Control frames All LAPB frame types except for information frames. Control packets All X.25 packet types except for DATA packets. D bit Delivery confirmation bit of the X.25 packet header. Used to indicate whether packe...

Magnetic Materials: BSNL TTA JE Materials that can be magnetized, which are also the ones that are strongly attracted to a magnet, are called  ferromagnetic (or ferrimagnetic). These include  iron ,  nickel ,  cobalt , some alloys of rare earth metals, and some naturally occurring minerals such as  lodestone . Type of Magnetism Susceptibility Atomic / Magnetic Behaviour Example / Susceptibility Diamagnetism Small & negative. Atoms have no magnetic moment Au Cu -2.74x10 -6 -0.77x10 -6 Paramagnetism Small & positive. Atoms have randomly oriented magnetic moments β-Sn Pt Mn 0.19x10 -6 21.04x10 -6 66.10x10 -6 Ferromagnetism Large & positive, function of applied field, microstructure dependent. Atoms have parallel aligned magnetic moments Fe ~100,000 Antiferromagnetism Small & positive. Atoms have mixed parallel and anti-parallel aligned magnetic moments Cr 3.6x10 -6 Ferrimagnetism Large & positive, function of applied field, microstructure depend...

TDM, PAM, PPM, PWM TDM:Time-division multiplexing: "Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path by means of synchronized  switches at each end of the transmission line so that each signal appears on the line only a fraction of time in an alternating pattern". Video Lecture on  Time-division multiplexing: PAM:  Pulse - amplitude modulation  ( PAM ): "Pulse - amplitude modulation  ( PAM ), is a form of signal  modulation  where the message information is encoded in the  amplitude  of a series of signal  pulses . It is an analog  pulse modulation  scheme in which the  amplitudes  of a train of carrier  pulses  are varied according to the sample value of the message signal". Video Lecture on  Pulse - amplitude modulation  ( PAM ): PWM:Pulse Width Modulation: "Pulse Width Modulation, or PWM, is a technique for getting anal...

Operational Amplifier (OPAMP): Definition : "An amplifier with high gain and high input impedance (usually with external feedback), used especially in circuits for performing mathematical operations on an input voltage". Free OPAMP Notes PDF:  Operational Amplifier (OPAMP) Video Lecture on Operational Amplifier (OPAMP) Read: [solved] 60 MCQs on Operational Amplifiers (OPAMP) Operational amplifiers  are linear devices that have all the properties required for nearly ideal DC amplification and are therefore used extensively in signal conditioning, filtering or to perform mathematical operations such as add, subtract, integration and differentiation. An  Operational Amplifier , or op-amp for short, is fundamentally a voltage amplifying device designed to be used with external feedback components such as resistors and capacitors between its output and input terminals. These feedback components determine the resulting function or “operation” of the amplifier and by virtue...